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Description
Empagliflozin and metformin is a combination medication used to treat *type 2 diabetes mellitus*. This oral anti-diabetic medication works by:
Primary Mechanisms
1. *Empagliflozin*: Blocks the reabsorption of glucose in the kidneys, increasing glucose excretion in the urine.
2. *Metformin*: Decreases glucose production in the liver, increases insulin sensitivity, and enhances glucose uptake by muscles.
Therapeutic Uses
1. *Improves glycemic control*: Reduces hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels, fasting plasma glucose, and postprandial glucose.
2. *Weight management*: Can lead to weight loss due to increased glucose excretion and reduced insulin levels.
3. *Cardiovascular benefits*: Empagliflozin has been shown to reduce the risk of cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and non-fatal stroke.
Additional Benefits
1. *Reduced blood pressure*: Empagliflozin can help lower blood pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes.
2. *Kidney protection*: May slow the progression of kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Important Considerations
1. *Contraindications*: Not recommended for patients with severe kidney impairment, end-stage renal disease, or those on dialysis.
2. *Side effects*: Common side effects include increased urination, thirst, genital yeast infections, and hypoglycemia.
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